vulkan

2025-02-05 18:54:23 +08:00
parent 2925185c4f
commit e87bc3f7a0
21 changed files with 860 additions and 227 deletions
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-[submodule "third_party/LLGL"]
-	path = third_party/LLGL
-	url = https://github.com/LukasBanana/LLGL.git
 [submodule "third_party/msdfgen"]
 	path = third_party/msdfgen
 	url = https://github.com/Chlumsky/msdfgen.git
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ endif ()
 set(MSDFGEN_USE_SKIA OFF CACHE BOOL "Use Skia for MSDFGen" FORCE)
 set(MSDFGEN_USE_VCPKG OFF CACHE BOOL "Use VCPKG for MSDFGen" FORCE)
 set(MSDFGEN_USE_OPENMP ON CACHE BOOL "Use OpenMP for MSDFGen" FORCE)
-set(LLGL_BUILD_STATIC_LIB ON CACHE BOOL "Build LLGL as static library" FORCE)

 include(cmake/retrieve_files.cmake)
 include(cmake/detect_os.cmake)
--- a/example/src/main.cpp
+++ b/example/src/main.cpp
@@ -8,15 +8,10 @@
 #include "window/renderer_window.h"

 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
-    aorii::init(renderer_api::vulkan);
-
-    renderer_window::desc_type desc{};
-    desc.resolution = { 1280, 1280 };
-    auto window     = aorii::create_renderer_window(desc);
-
-    while (!aorii::should_exit()) {
-        aorii::update();
-    }
-
-    aorii::destroy();
+    window_desc desc{};
+    desc.title = "Aorii";
+    desc.resolution.width = 1280;
+    desc.resolution.height = 720;
+    desc.resizable = true;
+    return aorii::run(desc);
 }
--- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 project(aorii_core)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 26)

 find_package(harfbuzz REQUIRED)
 find_package(Eigen3 REQUIRED)
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ find_package(spdlog REQUIRED)
 find_package(Boost REQUIRED)
 find_package(Freetype REQUIRED)
 find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
+find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)

 if (APPLE)
    find_library(COCOA_LIBRARY Cocoa)
@@ -15,10 +17,11 @@ set(RENDERER_SOURCES "")
 retrieve_files(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} RENDERER_SOURCES)

 add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} STATIC ${RENDERER_SOURCES})
-target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC Freetype::Freetype harfbuzz::harfbuzz Eigen3::Eigen spdlog::spdlog msdfgen-full Boost::boost Vulkan::Vulkan)
+target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC Freetype::Freetype glfw harfbuzz Eigen3::Eigen spdlog::spdlog msdfgen-full Boost::boost Vulkan::Vulkan)
 target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
 target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE NOMINMAX)
 add_os_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME})
+configure_glfw_native(${PROJECT_NAME})
 if (APPLE)
    target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${COCOA_LIBRARY})
 endif ()
--- a/src/core/async/thread_pool.h
+++ b/src/core/async/thread_pool.h
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ public:
        return res;
    }

-    template<typename f, typename callback, typename ...args>
-    auto submit_with_callback(f&& in_func, callback&& in_callback, args&&... in_args) {
+    template<typename f, typename callback_f, typename ...args>
+    auto submit_with_callback(f&& in_func, callback_f&& in_callback, args&&... in_args) {
        using return_type = std::invoke_result_t<f, args...>;

        if (stop) { throw std::runtime_error("submit on stopped ThreadPool"); }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public:
    /**
     * @brief 提交一个任务到线程池，并在主线程中执行回调函数
     * @tparam f 任务函数类型
-     * @tparam callback 回调函数类型
+     * @tparam callback_f 回调函数类型
     * @tparam args 任务函数参数类型
     * @param in_func 任务函数
     * @param in_callback 回调函数
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ public:
     * auto res = thread_pool.submit_with_main_thread_callback(func, callback, 1, 2);
     * @endcode
     */
-    template<typename f, typename callback, typename ...args>
-    auto submit_with_main_thread_callback(f&& in_func, callback&& in_callback, args&&... in_args) {
+    template<typename f, typename callback_f, typename ...args>
+    auto submit_with_main_thread_callback(f&& in_func, callback_f&& in_callback, args&&... in_args) {
        using return_type = std::invoke_result_t<f, args...>;

        if (stop) { throw std::runtime_error("submit on stopped ThreadPool"); }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public:
        auto res = task->get_future();

        {
-            auto task_with_callback = [this, task, callback = std::forward<callback>(in_callback), shared_res = res.share()] {
+            auto task_with_callback = [this, task, callback = std::forward<callback_f>(in_callback), shared_res = res.share()] {
                std::optional<return_type> callback_value;
                try {
                    (*task)();
--- a/src/core/fonts/glyph_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/core/fonts/glyph_cache.cpp
@@ -7,15 +7,10 @@ glyph_cache::~glyph_cache() {
 	clear();
 }

-void glyph_cache::initialize(LLGL::RenderSystem& in_render_system) {
-	render_system = &in_render_system;
+void glyph_cache::initialize() {
 }

 void glyph_cache::clear() {
-	if (!render_system)
-		return;
-	for (auto& page : active_atlases)
-		render_system->Release(*page.texture);
 	active_atlases.clear();
 }

@@ -27,33 +22,33 @@ glyph_metadata glyph_cache::get_glyph(const glyph_key& in_key) {
 	return glyph;
 }

-bool glyph_cache::atlas_page::put_glyph(const LLGL::TextureRegion& in_size, const LLGL::ImageView& in_data,
-                                        Eigen::AlignedBox2f& out_uv_rect) {
-	if (current_x + in_size.offset.x > texture->GetDesc().extent.width) {
-		current_x = 0;
-		current_y += row_height;
-		row_height = 0;
-	}
-	if (current_y + in_size.offset.y > texture->GetDesc().extent.height)
-		return false;
-
-	render_system->WriteTexture(*texture, in_size, in_data);
+bool glyph_cache::atlas_page::put_glyph(Eigen::AlignedBox2f& out_uv_rect) {
+	// if (current_x + in_size.offset.x > texture->GetDesc().extent.width) {
+	// 	current_x = 0;
+	// 	current_y += row_height;
+	// 	row_height = 0;
+	// }
+	// if (current_y + in_size.offset.y > texture->GetDesc().extent.height)
+	// 	return false;
+	//
+	// render_system->WriteTexture(*texture, in_size, in_data);

 	return true;
 }

 glyph_cache::atlas_page glyph_cache::allocate_space(uint32_t in_width, uint32_t in_height) {
-	LLGL::TextureDescriptor descriptor{};
-	descriptor.type = LLGL::TextureType::Texture2D;
-	descriptor.cpuAccessFlags = LLGL::CPUAccessFlags::Write;
-	descriptor.extent.width = in_width;
-	descriptor.extent.height = in_height;
-
-	atlas_page page{};
-	page.texture = render_system->CreateTexture(descriptor);
-
-	active_atlases.push_back(page);
-	return page;
+	// LLGL::TextureDescriptor descriptor{};
+	// descriptor.type = LLGL::TextureType::Texture2D;
+	// descriptor.cpuAccessFlags = LLGL::CPUAccessFlags::Write;
+	// descriptor.extent.width = in_width;
+	// descriptor.extent.height = in_height;
+	//
+	// atlas_page page{};
+	// page.texture = render_system->CreateTexture(descriptor);
+	//
+	// active_atlases.push_back(page);
+	// return page;
+	return {};
 }

 glyph_metadata glyph_cache::make_glyph(const glyph_key& in_key) {
--- a/src/core/fonts/glyph_cache.h
+++ b/src/core/fonts/glyph_cache.h
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <Eigen/Eigen>
-#include <LLGL/Texture.h>

 #include "font_type.h"
 #include "containers/lrucache.hpp"
-#include "LLGL/RenderSystem.h"

 struct glyph_key {
 	font_family family{};
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ private:
 };

 struct glyph_metadata {
-	LLGL::Texture* atlas_texture;
+	// LLGL::Texture* atlas_texture;
 	Eigen::AlignedBox2f uv_rect;
 	Eigen::Vector2f size;
 	Eigen::Vector2f bearing;
@@ -50,24 +48,24 @@ class glyph_cache {
 public:
 	~glyph_cache();

-	void initialize(LLGL::RenderSystem& in_render_system);
+	void initialize();
 	void clear();
 	glyph_metadata get_glyph(const glyph_key& in_key);
 private:
 	struct atlas_page {
-		LLGL::Texture* texture = nullptr;
-		LLGL::RenderSystem* render_system = nullptr;
+		// LLGL::Texture* texture = nullptr;
+		// LLGL::RenderSystem* render_system = nullptr;
 		uint32_t current_x = 0;
 		uint32_t current_y = 0;
 		uint32_t row_height = 0;

-		bool put_glyph(const LLGL::TextureRegion& in_size, const LLGL::ImageView& in_data, Eigen::AlignedBox2f& out_uv_rect);
+		bool put_glyph(Eigen::AlignedBox2f& out_uv_rect);
 	};

 	cache::lru_cache<glyph_key, glyph_metadata> metadata_cache{500};
 	std::vector<atlas_page> active_atlases;
 	std::mutex atlas_mutex;
-	LLGL::RenderSystem* render_system = nullptr;
+	// LLGL::RenderSystem* render_system = nullptr;

 	atlas_page allocate_space(uint32_t in_width, uint32_t in_height);
 	glyph_metadata make_glyph(const glyph_key& in_key);
--- a/src/core/misc/pixel.h
+++ b/src/core/misc/pixel.h
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ struct pixel {
    }

    template<typename U, int N2>
-    auto operator=(const pixel<U, N2>& rhs) {
+    auto& operator=(const pixel<U, N2>& rhs) {
        constexpr int Num = std::min(N, N2);
        memset(data, 0, sizeof(data));
        for (int i = 0; i < Num; ++i) {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ struct pixel {
    }

    template<typename U, int N2>
-    operator pixel() {
+    explicit operator pixel<U, N2>() {
        pixel<U, N2> result = *this;
        return result;
    }
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ struct image_accessor {
    void copy_from(const image_accessor<T>& rhs) {
        const int temp_width = std::min(width, rhs.width);
        const int temp_height = std::min(height, rhs.height);
-        if constexpr (std::is_same<T, float>::value) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
            auto row_size = std::min(temp_width * sizeof(T), row_pitch);
            for (int y = 0; y < temp_height; ++y) {
                auto src_row = rhs.get_row(y);
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ struct image_accessor {
        return get_pixel(pos.x(), pos.y());
    }

-    void set_row_pitch(const int in_row_pitch) {
+    void set_row_pitch(const uint64_t in_row_pitch) {
        assert(in_row_pitch >= width);
        row_pitch = in_row_pitch;
    }
@@ -326,9 +326,9 @@ struct image_accessor {
    void* const data;
    const int width;
    const int height;
-    int row_pitch; // 行跨度，支持对齐
+    uint64_t row_pitch; // 行跨度，支持对齐
 private:
-    uint8_t* get_row(const int y) const {
+    [[nodiscard]] uint8_t* get_row(const int y) const {
        return (uint8_t*)data + y * row_pitch;
    }
 };
--- a/src/core/pipeline/pipeline.cpp
+++ b/src/core/pipeline/pipeline.cpp
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ void pipeline::destroy() {

 void pipeline::set_triangle(const std::span<const aorii_vertex>& in_vertexes,
    const std::span<const aorii_triangle>& in_triangles) {
-    if (vertex_buffer->get_size() < in_vertexes.size()) { vertex_buffer->resize(static_cast<int>(in_vertexes.size())); }
-    const auto v_buffer = static_cast<aorii_vertex*>(vertex_buffer->lock());
-    std::ranges::copy(in_vertexes, v_buffer);
-    vertex_buffer->unlock();
-
-    if (index_buffer->get_size() < in_triangles.size()) { index_buffer->resize(static_cast<int>(in_triangles.size())); }
-    const auto i_buffer = static_cast<aorii_triangle*>(index_buffer->lock());
-    std::ranges::copy(in_triangles, i_buffer);
-    index_buffer->unlock();
+    // if (vertex_buffer->get_size() < in_vertexes.size()) { vertex_buffer->resize(static_cast<int>(in_vertexes.size())); }
+    // const auto v_buffer = static_cast<aorii_vertex*>(vertex_buffer->lock());
+    // std::ranges::copy(in_vertexes, v_buffer);
+    // vertex_buffer->unlock();
+    //
+    // if (index_buffer->get_size() < in_triangles.size()) { index_buffer->resize(static_cast<int>(in_triangles.size())); }
+    // const auto i_buffer = static_cast<aorii_triangle*>(index_buffer->lock());
+    // std::ranges::copy(in_triangles, i_buffer);
+    // index_buffer->unlock();
 }
--- a/src/core/renderer/device_selector.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/device_selector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vector>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+class device_selector {
+    enum class device_type { combined, display, compute, unknown };
+public:
+    using device_group = std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice>;
+
+    void classify_and_sort_devices(const vk::Instance instance, const vk::SurfaceKHR surface) {
+        const auto& physical_devices = instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
+
+        // 获取设备的评分列表
+        auto device_scores = get_device_scores(physical_devices, surface);
+
+        // 按评分排序设备（从高到低）
+        auto sort_pred = [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.second > b.second; };
+        std::ranges::sort(device_scores, sort_pred);
+
+        // 根据排序结果将设备分组
+        group_devices(device_scores, surface);
+    }
+
+    vk::PhysicalDevice get_main_device() const {
+        // 优先使用同时支持显示和计算的设备
+        if (!combined_group.empty()) {
+            return combined_group[0];
+        }
+        // 如果没有同时支持显示和计算的设备，则使用显示设备
+        if (!display_group.empty()) {
+            return display_group[0];
+        }
+        // 如果没有显示设备，则使用计算设备
+        if (!compute_group.empty()) {
+            spdlog::warn("没有找到同时支持显示和计算的设备，将使用计算设备");
+            return compute_group[0];
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    device_group combined_group; // 同时支持显示和计算的设备组
+    device_group display_group;  // 显示设备组
+    device_group compute_group;  // 计算设备组
+private:
+    using device_score = std::pair<vk::PhysicalDevice, int>;
+
+    static std::vector<device_score> get_device_scores(const std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice>& devices,
+                                                       const vk::SurfaceKHR surface) {
+        std::vector<device_score> deviceScores;
+
+        for (const auto& dev: devices) {
+            int score = score_device(dev, surface);
+            deviceScores.emplace_back(dev, score);
+        }
+        return deviceScores;
+    }
+
+    static int score_device(const vk::PhysicalDevice& dev, const vk::SurfaceKHR surface) {
+        int score = 0;
+
+        // 获取设备属性和特性
+        const auto& properties = dev.getProperties();
+        const auto& features = dev.getFeatures();
+
+        // 首选独立显卡
+        if (properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu) {
+            score += 1000;
+        } else if (properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu) {
+            score += 500;
+        }
+
+        // 查询队列族属性
+        const auto& queue_props = dev.getQueueFamilyProperties();
+        bool has_graphics = false;
+        bool has_compute = false;
+        bool can_present = false;
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_props.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto& prop = queue_props[i];
+
+            if (prop.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics) {
+                has_graphics = true;
+                score += 100;
+            }
+            if (prop.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute) {
+                has_compute = true;
+                score += 100;
+            }
+
+            // 检查呈现能力
+            const VkBool32 present_support = dev.getSurfaceSupportKHR(i, surface);
+            if (present_support == VK_TRUE) {
+                can_present = true;
+                score += 100;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 如果同时支持图形、计算和呈现，则加额外分
+        if (has_graphics && has_compute && can_present) {
+            score += 500; // 额外奖励
+        }
+
+        // 考虑内存大小
+        const auto& memory_properties = dev.getMemoryProperties();
+        uint64_t total_memory = 0;
+        for (const auto& heap : memory_properties.memoryHeaps) {
+            if (heap.flags & vk::MemoryHeapFlagBits::eDeviceLocal) {
+                total_memory += heap.size;
+            }
+        }
+        score += static_cast<int>(total_memory / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)); // 每GB加1分
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    void group_devices(const std::vector<device_score>& deviceScores,
+                       const vk::SurfaceKHR surface) {
+        for (const auto& [dev, score] : deviceScores) {
+            const device_type& type = classify_device(dev, surface);
+
+            switch (type) {
+                case device_type::combined:
+                    combined_group.push_back(dev);
+                    display_group.push_back(dev);
+                    compute_group.push_back(dev);
+                    break;
+                case device_type::display:
+                    display_group.push_back(dev);
+                    break;
+                case device_type::compute:
+                    compute_group.push_back(dev);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // 忽略不符合条件的设备
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static device_type classify_device(const vk::PhysicalDevice& dev, const vk::SurfaceKHR surface) {
+        bool has_graphics = false;
+        bool has_compute = false;
+        bool can_present = false;
+
+        const auto& queue_props = dev.getQueueFamilyProperties();
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_props.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto& prop = queue_props[i];
+
+            if (prop.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics) {
+                has_graphics = true;
+            }
+            if (prop.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute) {
+                has_compute = true;
+            }
+
+            // 检查呈现能力
+            const VkBool32 present_support = dev.getSurfaceSupportKHR(i, surface);
+            if (present_support == VK_TRUE) {
+                can_present = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (has_graphics && has_compute && can_present) {
+            return device_type::combined;
+        }
+        if (has_graphics && can_present) {
+            return device_type::display;
+        }
+        if (has_compute) {
+            return device_type::compute;
+        }
+        return device_type::unknown;
+    }
+};
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer.cpp
@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@
 #include "window/window_manager.h"
 #include "misc/stb_image.h"

-#if DX_BACKEND
-#include "backend/dx/dx_renderer.h"
-#endif
-
 using time_type = decltype(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now());
 std::chrono::duration<double> delta_time = {};
 time_type begin_time = {};
@@ -73,15 +69,42 @@ aorii_renderer* s_renderer{};
 //     return texture;
 // }

-bool aorii::init() {
-    create_renderer();
-    create_window_manager();
+namespace aorii {
+    bool init(const window_desc& in_main_window_desc) {
+        if (!create_window_manager())
+            return false;
+        const auto main_window = get_window_manager()->create_window(in_main_window_desc);
+        if (!create_renderer())
+            return false;
        return true;
    }

-void aorii::destroy() {
-    destroy_window_manager();
+    void destroy() {
        destroy_renderer();
+        destroy_window_manager();
+    }
+
+    void update() {
+        thread_pool::global().process_main_thread_callbacks();
+
+        const auto& current_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        delta_time               = current_time - last_time;
+        last_time                = current_time;
+
+        get_window_manager()->update();
+
+        std::this_thread::yield();
+    }
+}
+
+int aorii::run(const window_desc& in_main_window_desc) {
+    if (!init(in_main_window_desc))
+        return -1;
+    while (!should_exit()) {
+        update();
+    }
+    destroy();
+    return 0;
 }

 aorii_renderer* aorii::get_renderer() {
@@ -95,6 +118,12 @@ bool aorii::create_renderer() {
    if (s_renderer) return true;

    s_renderer = new aorii_renderer();
+    if (!s_renderer->init()) {
+        delete s_renderer;
+        s_renderer = nullptr;
+        spdlog::error("创建渲染器失败");
+        return false;
+    }
    last_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    return s_renderer != nullptr;
 }
@@ -102,22 +131,11 @@ bool aorii::create_renderer() {
 void aorii::destroy_renderer() {
    if (!s_renderer) return;

+    s_renderer->destroy();
    delete s_renderer;
    aorii_text::destroy_freetype();
 }

-void aorii::update() {
-    thread_pool::global().process_main_thread_callbacks();
-
-    const auto& current_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-    delta_time = current_time - last_time;
-    last_time = current_time;
-
-    s_window_manager->update();
-
-    std::this_thread::yield();
-}
-
 const std::chrono::duration<double>& aorii::get_delta_time() {
    return delta_time;
 }
@@ -125,3 +143,81 @@ const std::chrono::duration<double>& aorii::get_delta_time() {
 std::chrono::duration<double> aorii::get_total_time() {
    return std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - begin_time;
 }
+
+bool aorii_renderer::init() {
+    spdlog::info("初始化渲染器");
+    vk::ApplicationInfo app_info{};
+    app_info.setPEngineName("Aorii");
+    app_info.setEngineVersion(VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0));
+    app_info.setApiVersion(VK_API_VERSION_1_0);
+    app_info.setPApplicationName("AoriiHelloWorld");
+    app_info.setApplicationVersion(VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0));
+
+    vk::InstanceCreateInfo create_info{};
+    create_info.setPApplicationInfo(&app_info);
+
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions;
+// #if DEBUG
+//     extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
+// #endif
+
+    uint32_t glfw_extension_count = 0;
+    auto glfw_extensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfw_extension_count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < glfw_extension_count; ++i) {
+        extensions.push_back(glfw_extensions[i]);
+    }
+
+    create_info.setPEnabledExtensionNames(extensions);
+
+    instance = createInstance(create_info);
+    if (!instance) {
+        spdlog::critical("创建 Vulkan 实例失败");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto& main_window = aorii::get_window_manager()->get_main_window().lock();
+    if (!main_window->create_surface())
+        return false;
+    selector.classify_and_sort_devices(instance, main_window->get_surface());
+
+    std::vector<const char*> device_extensions;
+    device_extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    vk::DeviceCreateInfo device_create_info{};
+    device_create_info.setPEnabledExtensionNames(device_extensions);
+    main_device.create_device(selector.get_main_device(), device_create_info);
+
+    vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR swap_chain_create_info{};
+    swap_chain_create_info.setMinImageCount(2);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageFormat(vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageColorSpace(vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageExtent(main_window->get_framebuffer_size());
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageArrayLayers(1);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageUsage(vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setImageSharingMode(vk::SharingMode::eExclusive);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setPreTransform(vk::SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR::eIdentity);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setCompositeAlpha(vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR::eOpaque);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setPresentMode(vk::PresentModeKHR::eFifo);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setClipped(true);
+    swap_chain_create_info.setOldSwapchain(nullptr);
+    // main_window->create_swap_chain(swap_chain_create_info);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void aorii_renderer::destroy() {
+    instance.destroy();
+    glfwTerminate();
+}
+
+vk::SurfaceKHR aorii_renderer::create_surface(GLFWwindow* in_window) {
+    VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+    if (instance && glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, in_window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+        spdlog::critical("创建窗口表面失败");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return vk::SurfaceKHR(surface);
+}
+
+vk::SwapchainKHR aorii_renderer::create_swap_chain(const vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR& in_create_info) {
+    return main_device->createSwapchainKHR(in_create_info);
+}
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer.h
@@ -2,23 +2,33 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
+
+#include "device_selector.h"
+#include "renderer_types.h"
+
+struct window_desc;

 class aorii_renderer {
 public:
+    bool init();
+    void destroy();

+    vk::SurfaceKHR create_surface(GLFWwindow* in_window);
+    vk::SwapchainKHR create_swap_chain(const vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR& in_create_info);
 private:
-
+    vk::Instance instance;
+    device_selector selector;
+    device_set main_device;
 };

 namespace aorii {
-    bool init();
-    void destroy();
+    int run(const window_desc& in_main_window_desc);

    aorii_renderer* get_renderer();

    bool create_renderer();
    void destroy_renderer();
-    void update();

    const std::chrono::duration<double>& get_delta_time();
    std::chrono::duration<double> get_total_time();
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,85 @@
 #include "renderer_buffer.h"

-void renderer_buffer::resize(const uint64_t new_size) {
-	if (new_size == get_size())
-		return;
-	if (new_size < 1) {
-		return;
-	}
-	void* temp_buffer = malloc(new_size);
-	ON_SCOPE_EXIT {
-		free(temp_buffer);
-	};
-	auto new_desc = get_desc();
-	new_desc.size = new_size;
-	const auto new_buffer = aorii::get_renderer()->CreateBuffer(new_desc, temp_buffer);
+#include "renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.h"

-	aorii::get_command_buffer()->CopyBuffer(*new_buffer, 0, *buffer, 0, std::min(get_size(), new_size));
-	aorii::get_renderer()->Release(*buffer);
-	buffer = new_buffer;
+uint32_t device_set::get_physical_device_id() const {
+	const auto& props = physical_device.getProperties();
+	return props.deviceID;
 }
+
+renderer_buffer_desc::operator vk::BufferCreateInfo() const {
+	vk::BufferCreateInfo buffer_info;
+	buffer_info.size                  = size;
+	buffer_info.usage                 = usage_flags;
+	buffer_info.sharingMode           = concurrent ? vk::SharingMode::eConcurrent : vk::SharingMode::eExclusive;
+	buffer_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queue_families.size());
+	buffer_info.pQueueFamilyIndices   = queue_families.data();
+	return buffer_info;
+}
+
+renderer_buffer::renderer_buffer(const device_set& in_device, const renderer_buffer_desc& in_desc) {
+	device = in_device;
+	desc   = in_desc;
+	memory_strategy = buffer_memory_strategy::create(in_desc.memory_props);
+
+	buffer = in_device->createBuffer(in_desc);
+
+	const auto& mem_reqs = in_device->getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer);
+	memory               = allocate_memory(mem_reqs, in_desc.memory_props);
+
+	device->bindBufferMemory(buffer, memory, 0);
+}
+
+renderer_buffer::~renderer_buffer() {
+	device->destroyBuffer(buffer);
+	device->freeMemory(memory);
+}
+
+void renderer_buffer::copy_from(const void* in_data, vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) {
+	memory_strategy->copy_from(device, buffer, memory, in_data, in_size, in_command_buffer);
+}
+
+void renderer_buffer::resize(const vk::DeviceSize in_new_size, const vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer, const bool in_preserve_data, const bool in_allow_in_place,
+	const float in_growth_factor) {
+	const vk::DeviceSize old_size = get_size();
+	if (in_new_size == old_size)
+		return;
+
+	// 如果允许原地扩展并且可以原地扩展
+	if (in_allow_in_place && try_resize_in_place(in_new_size)) {
+		desc.size = in_new_size;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// 计算新的大小
+	desc.size = calculate_new_size(in_new_size, in_growth_factor);
+
+	// 创建新的缓冲区
+	const auto& mem_reqs = device->getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer);
+	const auto new_memory = allocate_memory(mem_reqs, desc.memory_props);
+	const auto new_buffer = device->createBuffer(desc);
+	device->bindBufferMemory(new_buffer, new_memory, 0);
+
+	// 如果需要保留数据
+	if (in_preserve_data) {
+		if (desc.is_host_visible()) {
+			void* src_data = device->mapMemory(memory, 0, old_size);
+			void* dst_data = device->mapMemory(new_memory, 0, desc.size);
+			memcpy(dst_data, src_data, std::min(old_size, desc.size));
+			device->unmapMemory(memory);
+			device->unmapMemory(new_memory);
+		} else {
+			vk::BufferCopy copy_region {};
+			copy_region.size = std::min(old_size, desc.size);
+			in_command_buffer.copyBuffer(buffer, new_buffer, copy_region);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 释放原有资源
+	device->destroyBuffer(buffer);
+	device->freeMemory(memory);
+	// 更新资源
+	buffer = new_buffer;
+	memory = new_memory;
+}
+
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer.h
@@ -2,45 +2,81 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

-#include "LLGL/Buffer.h"
-#include "LLGL/RenderSystem.h"
-#include "renderer.h"
-#include "misc/scope_exit.h"
+#include "renderer_types.h"
+
+class buffer_memory_strategy;

 class renderer_buffer {
 public:
-    explicit renderer_buffer(const LLGL::BufferDescriptor& in_desc) {
-        buffer = aorii::get_renderer()->CreateBuffer(in_desc);
-    }
+    explicit renderer_buffer(const device_set& in_device, const renderer_buffer_desc& in_desc);

-    virtual ~renderer_buffer() {
-        aorii::get_renderer()->Release(*buffer);
-    }
+    virtual ~renderer_buffer();

-    virtual void* lock(const LLGL::CPUAccess access = LLGL::CPUAccess::WriteDiscard) {
-        return aorii::get_renderer()->MapBuffer(*buffer, access);
+    [[nodiscard]] const auto& get_memory() const {
+        return memory;
    }
-    virtual void unlock() {
-        return aorii::get_renderer()->UnmapBuffer(*buffer);
-    }
-
-    template<class T>
-    void set_data(const T& in_data) {
-        aorii::get_command_buffer()->UpdateBuffer(*buffer, 0, &in_data, sizeof(T));
-    }
-    template<class T>
-    void set_data(const std::span<const T>& in_data) {
-        aorii::get_command_buffer()->UpdateBuffer(*buffer, 0, in_data.data(), sizeof(T) * in_data.size());
-    }
-
-    void resize(uint64_t new_size);
-
-    [[nodiscard]] auto get_desc() const {
-        return buffer->GetDesc();
+    [[nodiscard]] const auto& get_desc() const {
+        return desc;
    }
    [[nodiscard]] auto get_size() const {
-        return get_desc().size;
+        return desc.size;
    }
+    [[nodiscard]] auto get_buffer() const {
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    void set_data(const T& in_data, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer = nullptr) {
+        copy_from(&in_data, sizeof(T), in_command_buffer);
+    }
+    template<class T>
+    void set_data(const std::span<const T>& in_data, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer = nullptr) {
+        copy_from(in_data.data(), in_data.size_bytes(), in_command_buffer);
+    }
+    void copy_from(const void* in_data, vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer = nullptr);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief 重新分配缓冲区大小
+     * @param in_new_size 新的大小
+     * @param in_command_buffer 命令缓冲区
+     * @param in_preserve_data 是否保留原有数据
+     * @param in_allow_in_place 是否允许原地扩展
+     * @param in_growth_factor 扩展因子
+     */
+    void resize(vk::DeviceSize in_new_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer, bool in_preserve_data = true, bool in_allow_in_place = true, float in_growth_factor = 1.5f);
 protected:
-    LLGL::Buffer* buffer;
+    device_set device;
+    renderer_buffer_desc desc;
+    vk::Buffer buffer;
+    vk::DeviceMemory memory;
+    std::unique_ptr<buffer_memory_strategy> memory_strategy;
+private:
+    [[nodiscard]] auto find_memory_type(const uint32_t type_filter, const vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties) const {
+        const auto& mem_properties = device.physical_device.getMemoryProperties();
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mem_properties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
+            if ((type_filter & (1 << i)) && (mem_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
+    }
+
+    vk::DeviceMemory allocate_memory(const vk::MemoryRequirements& in_requirements, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags props) {
+        vk::MemoryAllocateInfo alloc_info;
+        alloc_info.allocationSize  = in_requirements.size;
+        alloc_info.memoryTypeIndex = find_memory_type(in_requirements.memoryTypeBits, props);
+
+        return device->allocateMemory(alloc_info);
+    }
+
+    bool try_resize_in_place(vk::DeviceSize in_size) {
+        const auto& mem_props = device->getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer);
+        return in_size <= mem_props.size;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] vk::DeviceSize calculate_new_size(const vk::DeviceSize in_new_size, const float in_growth_factor) const {
+        const vk::DeviceSize growth_size = get_size() * in_growth_factor;
+        return std::max(in_new_size, growth_size);
+    }
 };
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.cpp
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.h"
+
+#include "renderer_buffer.h"
+
+std::unique_ptr<buffer_memory_strategy> buffer_memory_strategy::create(vk::MemoryPropertyFlags in_memory_props) {
+	if (in_memory_props & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible) {
+		return std::make_unique<host_visible_strategy>();
+	}
+	if (in_memory_props & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal) {
+		return std::make_unique<device_local_strategy>();
+	}
+	throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported memory property flags");
+}
+
+void host_visible_strategy::copy_from(const device_set& in_device, vk::Buffer in_buffer, const vk::DeviceMemory in_device_memory,
+	const void* in_data, const vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) {
+	void* mapped = in_device->mapMemory(in_device_memory, 0, in_size);
+	std::memcpy(mapped, in_data, in_size);
+
+	vk::MappedMemoryRange range;
+	range.memory = in_device_memory;
+	range.offset = 0;
+	range.size   = in_size;
+	in_device->flushMappedMemoryRanges(range);
+
+	in_device->unmapMemory(in_device_memory);
+}
+
+void device_local_strategy::copy_from(const device_set& in_device, vk::Buffer in_buffer, vk::DeviceMemory in_device_memory,
+	const void* in_data, const vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) {
+
+	// 创建暂存缓冲区
+	const renderer_buffer staging_buffer(in_device, renderer_buffer_desc::staging_buffer(in_size));
+
+	// 复制数据到暂存缓冲区
+	void* mapped = in_device->mapMemory(staging_buffer.get_memory(), 0, in_size);
+	std::memcpy(mapped, in_data, in_size);
+	in_device->unmapMemory(staging_buffer.get_memory());
+
+	// 记录复制命令
+	vk::BufferCopy copy_region{};
+	copy_region.size = in_size;
+	in_command_buffer.copyBuffer(staging_buffer.get_buffer(), in_buffer, copy_region);
+}
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer_buffer_memory_strategy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "renderer_types.h"
+
+class buffer_memory_strategy {
+public:
+    virtual ~buffer_memory_strategy() = default;
+
+    virtual void copy_from(const device_set& in_device, vk::Buffer in_buffer, vk::DeviceMemory in_device_memory,
+                           const void* in_data, vk::DeviceSize in_size,
+                           vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) = 0;
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<buffer_memory_strategy> create(vk::MemoryPropertyFlags in_memory_props);
+};
+
+class host_visible_strategy : public buffer_memory_strategy {
+public:
+	virtual void copy_from(const device_set& in_device, vk::Buffer in_buffer, vk::DeviceMemory in_device_memory, const void* in_data, vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) override;
+};
+
+class device_local_strategy : public buffer_memory_strategy {
+public:
+	virtual void copy_from(const device_set& in_device, vk::Buffer in_buffer, vk::DeviceMemory in_device_memory, const void* in_data, vk::DeviceSize in_size, vk::CommandBuffer in_command_buffer) override;
+};
--- a/src/core/renderer/renderer_types.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/renderer_types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+struct device_set {
+    vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device;
+    vk::Device device;
+
+    // 重载->运算符，使得device_set可以直接调用vk::Device的成员函数
+    vk::Device* operator->() { return &device; }
+    const vk::Device* operator->() const { return &device; }
+
+    explicit operator vk::PhysicalDevice() const { return physical_device; }
+    explicit operator vk::Device() const { return device; }
+    operator bool() const { return static_cast<bool>(device); }
+    bool operator!() const { return !device; }
+
+    void create_device(const vk::PhysicalDevice in_physical_device, const vk::DeviceCreateInfo& in_create_info) {
+        physical_device = in_physical_device;
+        device = physical_device.createDevice(in_create_info);
+    }
+    // 获取物理设备GUID
+    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t get_physical_device_id() const;
+};
+
+struct renderer_buffer_desc {
+    // 大小
+    vk::DeviceSize size;
+    // 缓冲使用标志
+    vk::BufferUsageFlags usage_flags;
+    // 内存属性
+    vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_props;
+    // 内存共享标志
+    bool concurrent = false;
+    // 队列族
+    std::vector<uint32_t> queue_families;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool is_host_visible() const {
+        return (memory_props & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible)
+                == vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool is_device_local() const {
+        return (memory_props & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal)
+                == vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal;
+    }
+
+    operator vk::BufferCreateInfo() const;
+    operator vk::BufferCreateInfo() {
+        return static_cast<const renderer_buffer_desc&>(*this);
+    }
+
+    static renderer_buffer_desc staging_buffer(const vk::DeviceSize in_size) {
+        return {
+            .size         = in_size,
+            .usage_flags  = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc,
+            .memory_props = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent
+        };
+    }
+
+    static renderer_buffer_desc uniform_buffer(const vk::DeviceSize in_size) {
+        return {
+            .size         = in_size,
+            .usage_flags  = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eUniformBuffer,
+            .memory_props = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent
+        };
+    }
+
+    static renderer_buffer_desc index_buffer(const vk::DeviceSize in_size) {
+        return {
+            .size         = in_size,
+            .usage_flags  = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eIndexBuffer | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
+            .memory_props = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal
+        };
+    }
+
+    static renderer_buffer_desc vertex_buffer(const vk::DeviceSize in_size) {
+        return {
+            .size         = in_size,
+            .usage_flags  = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eVertexBuffer | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
+            .memory_props = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal
+        };
+    }
+};
+
--- a/src/core/window/renderer_window.cpp
+++ b/src/core/window/renderer_window.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include "renderer_window.h"
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include "window_manager.h"
+
+renderer_window::renderer_window(const window_desc& in_desc) {
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, in_desc.resizable);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DECORATED, in_desc.decorated);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_VISIBLE, in_desc.visible);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FOCUSED, in_desc.focused);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FOCUS_ON_SHOW, in_desc.focus_on_show);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_MAXIMIZED, in_desc.maximized);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FLOATING, in_desc.floating);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CENTER_CURSOR, in_desc.center_cursor);
+	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_TRANSPARENT_FRAMEBUFFER, in_desc.transparent);
+
+	window = glfwCreateWindow(in_desc.resolution.width, in_desc.resolution.height, in_desc.title.c_str(), in_desc.monitor, nullptr);
+	glfwSetWindowUserPointer(window, this);
+	if (!window) {
+		spdlog::error("Failed to create window");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, [](GLFWwindow* in_window, int in_width, int in_height) {
+		const auto my_window = static_cast<renderer_window*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(in_window));
+		my_window->on_resize(in_width, in_height);
+	});
+	glfwSetWindowCloseCallback(window, [](GLFWwindow* in_window) {
+		const auto my_window = static_cast<renderer_window*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(in_window));
+		my_window->on_glfw_close();
+	});
+
+	if (in_desc.create_surface) {
+		create_surface();
+	}
+}
+
+renderer_window::~renderer_window() {
+}
+
+void renderer_window::set_title(const std::wstring& in_title) const {
+}
+
+void renderer_window::close() const {
+
+}
+
+bool renderer_window::create_surface() {
+	const auto renderer = aorii::get_renderer();
+	if (!renderer)
+		return false;
+	surface = renderer->create_surface(window);
+	if (!surface) {
+		spdlog::error("创建窗口表面失败");
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool renderer_window::create_swap_chain(vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR in_create_info) {
+	const auto renderer = aorii::get_renderer();
+	if (!renderer)
+		return false;
+	if (!surface) {
+		spdlog::error("窗口表面未创建");
+		return false;
+	}
+	in_create_info.setSurface(surface);
+	swap_chain = renderer->create_swap_chain(in_create_info);
+	if (!swap_chain) {
+		spdlog::error("创建交换链失败");
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+#if !AORII_MACOS
+void* renderer_window::get_native_handle() const {
+	return nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+void renderer_window::on_resize(int in_width, int in_height) {
+	spdlog::info("窗口大小变更：{}x{}", in_width, in_height);
+}
+
+void renderer_window::on_glfw_close() {
+	spdlog::info("窗口关闭");
+	aorii::get_window_manager()->destroy_window(this);
+}
--- a/src/core/window/renderer_window.h
+++ b/src/core/window/renderer_window.h
@@ -3,55 +3,58 @@

 #include "vulkan/vulkan.hpp"

+struct window_desc {
+    std::string title;
+    vk::Extent2D resolution;
+    GLFWmonitor* monitor = nullptr;
+    bool fullscreen = false;
+    bool resizable = true;
+    bool borderless = false;
+    bool vsync = true;
+    bool always_on_top = false;
+    bool transparent = false;
+    bool decorated = true;
+    bool focused = true;
+    bool focus_on_show = true;
+    bool maximized = false;
+    bool visible = true;
+    bool floating = false;
+    bool center_cursor = false;
+    bool create_surface = true;
+};
+
 class renderer_window {
    friend class window_manager;
 public:
-    explicit renderer_window();
-
+    explicit renderer_window(const window_desc& in_desc);
    virtual ~renderer_window();

    void set_title(const std::wstring& in_title) const;

    void close() const;
+    bool should_close() const { return glfwWindowShouldClose(window); }

+    vk::Extent2D get_size() const {
+        int width, height;
+        glfwGetWindowSize(window, &width, &height);
+        return vk::Extent2D(width, height);
+    }
+    vk::Extent2D get_framebuffer_size() const {
+        int width, height;
+        glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
+        return vk::Extent2D(width, height);
+    }
+
+    bool create_surface();
    [[nodiscard]] auto get_surface() const { return surface; }
-
+    bool create_swap_chain(vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR in_create_info);
+    [[nodiscard]] auto get_swap_chain() const { return swap_chain; }
    [[nodiscard]] void* get_native_handle() const;
+protected:
+    virtual void on_resize(int in_width, int in_height);
+    virtual void on_glfw_close();
 private:
+    GLFWwindow* window;
    vk::SwapchainKHR swap_chain;
    vk::SurfaceKHR surface;
 };
-
-inline renderer_window::renderer_window(const desc_type& in_desc) {
-    swap_chain = aorii::get_renderer()->CreateSwapChain(in_desc);
-    surface    = static_cast<surface_type*>(&swap_chain->GetSurface());
-}
-
-inline renderer_window::~renderer_window() { if (swap_chain) { aorii::get_renderer()->Release(*swap_chain); } }
-
-inline void renderer_window::set_title(const std::wstring& in_title) const {
-    if (const auto window = get_surface()) { window->SetTitle(in_title.c_str()); }
-}
-
-inline void renderer_window::close() const {
-#if !AORII_IS_MOBILE
-    if (const auto window = get_surface()) { window->Show(false); }
-#endif
-}
-
-#if !AORII_MACOS
-inline void* renderer_window::get_native_handle() const {
-#if !AORII_IS_MOBILE
-    if (auto surface = get_surface()) {
-        LLGL::NativeHandle native_handle;
-        surface->GetNativeHandle(&native_handle, sizeof(LLGL::NativeHandle));
-#if AORII_WINDOWS
-        return native_handle.window;
-#elif AORII_LINUX
-        return native_handle.window;
-#endif
-    }
-#endif
-    return nullptr;
-}
-#endif
--- a/src/core/window/window_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/window/window_manager.cpp
@@ -1,55 +1,70 @@
 #include "window_manager.h"

+#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

 #include "renderer_window.h"
 #include "renderer/renderer.h"

-class manager_window_event_listener : public LLGL::Window::EventListener {
-public:
-    explicit manager_window_event_listener(window_manager* in_manager) :
-        manager(in_manager) {
-    }
-protected:
-    virtual void OnQuit(LLGL::Window& sender, bool& veto) override {
-        EventListener::OnQuit(sender, veto);
-        manager->on_window_close(sender);
-    }
-
-    window_manager* manager;
-};
+window_manager* s_window_manager;

 window_manager::~window_manager() {
    windows.clear();
-    windows_to_remove.clear();
 }

-std::weak_ptr<renderer_window> window_manager::create_window(const LLGL::SwapChainDescriptor& in_desc) {
-    auto window = std::make_shared<renderer_window>(in_desc);
-#if !IS_MOBILE
-    const auto& manager_listener = std::make_shared<manager_window_event_listener>(this);
-    window->get_surface()->AddEventListener(manager_listener);
-#endif
-    windows.push_back(window);
-    return window;
+bool window_manager::init() {
+    if (glfwInit() != GLFW_TRUE) {
+        spdlog::error("初始化GLFW失败");
+        return false;
+    }
+    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void window_manager::destroy() {
+
+}
+
+std::weak_ptr<renderer_window> window_manager::create_window(const window_desc& in_desc) {
+    auto window_ptr = std::make_shared<renderer_window>(in_desc);
+    windows.push_back(window_ptr);
+    return window_ptr;
+}
+
+void window_manager::destroy_window(renderer_window* in_window) {
+    auto it = std::ranges::find_if(windows, [in_window](const auto& window) {
+        return window.get() == in_window;
+    });
+    if (it != windows.end()) {
+        windows.erase(it);
+    }
 }

 void window_manager::update() {
-    windows_to_remove.clear();
+    glfwPollEvents();
 }

-void window_manager::on_window_close(LLGL::Window& in_sender) {
-    auto has_removed = std::ranges::remove_if(windows, [&in_sender](const std::shared_ptr<renderer_window>& w) {
-        return w->get_surface() == &in_sender;
-    });
-
-    if (has_removed.begin() != has_removed.end()) {
-        windows_to_remove.push_back(*has_removed.begin());
-        windows.erase(has_removed.begin(), has_removed.end());
-        spdlog::info("Window begin close");
-    } else {
-        spdlog::error("Failed to close window!");
+void window_manager::on_window_close() {
 }
+
+window_manager* aorii::get_window_manager() {
+    return s_window_manager;
+}
+
+bool aorii::create_window_manager() {
+    s_window_manager = new window_manager();
+    if (!s_window_manager->init()) {
+        delete s_window_manager;
+        s_window_manager = nullptr;
+        spdlog::error("创建窗口管理器失败");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void aorii::destroy_window_manager() {
+    s_window_manager->destroy();
+    delete s_window_manager;
 }

 bool aorii::should_exit() {
--- a/src/core/window/window_manager.h
+++ b/src/core/window/window_manager.h
@@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ class window_manager {
 public:
    ~window_manager();

-    std::weak_ptr<renderer_window> create_window(const LLGL::SwapChainDescriptor& in_desc);
+    bool init();
+    void destroy();

+    std::weak_ptr<renderer_window> create_window(const window_desc& in_desc);
+    void destroy_window(renderer_window* in_window);
+
+    std::weak_ptr<renderer_window> get_main_window() {
+        return windows.empty() ? std::weak_ptr<renderer_window>() : windows.front();
+    }
    const auto& get_windows() const { return windows; }
    void update();

    [[nodiscard]] bool should_exit() const {
-        return windows.empty() && windows_to_remove.empty();
+        return windows.empty() || windows[0]->should_close();
    }
-
 private:
-    void on_window_close(LLGL::Window& in_sender);
+    void on_window_close();
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderer_window>> windows;
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<renderer_window>> windows_to_remove;
 };

 namespace aorii {
-    inline window_manager* s_window_manager;
-    inline void create_window_manager() { s_window_manager = new window_manager(); }
-    inline void destroy_window_manager() { delete s_window_manager; }
+    window_manager* get_window_manager();
+    bool create_window_manager();
+    void destroy_window_manager();
+
    bool should_exit();
-
-    inline auto create_renderer_window(const LLGL::SwapChainDescriptor& in_desc) {
-        return s_window_manager->create_window(in_desc);
-    }
-
-    inline const auto& get_all_window() { return s_window_manager->get_windows(); }
 }